Based on the analysis of 190 studies (18,573 participants), we estimate that the average
silent reading rate for adults in English is 238 words per minute (wpm) for non-fiction and …

Research on spoken word perception and production has identified two hallmarks of spoken
word processing: multiple activation of representations of the sound patterns of words in …

This article introduces EsPal: a Web-accessible repository containing a comprehensive set
of properties of Spanish words. EsPal is based on an extensible set of data sources …

Second language acquisition has rapidly grown as a field over the past decade, as our
knowledge of the ways in which children and adults learn and use a second language has …

We report three experiments on two groups of Spanish–English bilinguals who differed in
codeswitching experience (codeswitchers and non-codeswitchers) to examine how different …

Recent research has shown that homophonous lexemes show systematic phonetic
differences (eg Gahl 2008, Drager 2011), with important consequences for models of …

Variation across talkers in the acoustic-phonetic realization of speech sounds is a pervasive
property of spoken language. The present study provides evidence that variation across …

Language can have a powerful effect on how people experience events. Here, we examine
how the languages people speak guide attention and influence what they remember from a …

We examined the effects of classroom bilingual experience in children on an array of
cognitive skills. Monolingual English‐speaking children were compared with children who …

In most environments, the visual system is confronted with many relevant objects
simultaneously. That is especially true during reading. However, behavioral data …