Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-1α is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-
inflammatory cytokine. The IL-1α precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cell types in …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is largely the result of
a dysregulated host response, followed by damage to alveolar cells and lung fibrosis …

The IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, may represent a therapeutic option for acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Introduction Severe COVID-19 cases have a detrimental hyper-inflammatory host response
and different cytokine-blocking biologic agents were explored to improve outcomes …

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked unprecedented societal havoc worldwide. The
infected individuals may present mild to severe symptoms, with nearly 20% of the confirmed …

Introduction The pathogenic and highly transmissible etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2, has
caused a serious threat COVID-19 pandemic. WHO has declared the epidemic a public …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 or COVID-19 has been
declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, this …

In the past two decades, we have witnessed significant advances in the management of
autoimmune diseases. The widespread use of biologic therapies in patients with severe or …

The overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in what has been described as a
cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may be the key factor in the pathology …

Several immunosuppressive therapies have been investigated as potential treatments for
patients with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notable examples …