All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal
physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on …

Sex steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol and exert pleiotropic effects notably
in the central nervous system. Pioneering studies from Baulieu and colleagues have …

Animals evaluate and respond to their social environment with adaptive decisions.
Revealing the neural mechanisms of such decisions is a major goal in biology. We analyzed …

Steroid hormones play essential roles in the reproductive biology of vertebrates. Estrogen
exercises its effect through estrogen receptors and is not only a female reproductive …

The pituitary gland controls many important physiological processes in vertebrates,
including growth, homeostasis, and reproduction. As in mammals, the teleost pituitary …

Organisms react to threats with a variety of behavioral, hormonal, and neurobiological
responses. The study of biological responses to stress has historically focused on the …

Neurosteroids are defined as steroids de novo synthesized in the central nervous system.
While the production of neurosteroids is well documented in mammals and amphibians …

The triad of noise-generated, drug-induced, and age-related hearing loss is the major cause
of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) in modern society. Although these three …

Background: Courtship behavior plays a critical role in attracting females and reproduction
success. However, the effects of exposure to a ubiquitous contaminant di (2-ethylhexyl) …

Sex steroid hormones released from the gonads play an important role in mediating social
behavior across all vertebrates. Many effects of these gonadal hormones are mediated by …