Renewal is a 'return of fear'manipulation in human fear conditioning to investigate learning
processes underlying anxiety and trauma. Even though renewal paradigms are widely used …

Theoretical and methodological research on threat conditioning provides important
neuroscience-informed approaches to studying fear and anxiety. The threat conditioning …

Pavlovian conditioning is typically distinguished from sensitization but a Pavlovian
conditional stimulus (CS) also results in sensitization. A Pavlovian CS can sensitize …

Anxiety disorders are a leading source of human misery, morbidity, and premature mortality.
Existing treatments are far from curative for many, underscoring the need to clarify the …

Emotional experiences can profoundly impact our conceptual model of the world, modifying
how we represent and remember a host of information even indirectly associated with that …

Fear is an adaptive emotion that mobilizes defensive resources upon confrontation with
danger. However, fear becomes maladaptive and can give rise to the development of …

The replicability of fear conditioning research has come under recent scrutiny, with
increasing acknowledgment that the use of differing materials and methods may lead to …

Fear learning processes are believed to play a crucial role in the development and
maintenance of anxiety and stress-related disorders. To integrate results across different …

Anxiety disorders are effectively treated with exposure therapy based on the extinction of
Pavlovian fear conditioning. Animal research indicates that both the timing of extinction and …

Past results suggest that fear extinction and the return of extinguished fear are compromised
in adolescents. However, findings have been inconclusive as there is a lack of fear …