Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a
rare phenomenon in Europe. In the past 15 years, HPAI outbreaks—in particular those …

In 1918, a strain of influenza A virus caused a human pandemic resulting in the deaths of 50
million people. A century later, with the advent of sequencing technology and corresponding …

Analyses of HPAI H5 viruses from poultry outbreaks across a wide Eurasian region since
July 2020 including the Russian Federation, Republics of Iraq and Kazakhstan, and recent …

Avian influenza is one of the largest known threats to domestic poultry. Influenza outbreaks
on poultry farms typically lead to the complete slaughter of the entire domestic bird …

Prior to the emergence of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (Gs/GD) H5N1 influenza A virus,
the long‐held and well‐supported paradigm was that highly pathogenic avian influenza …

The panzootic caused by A/goose/Guangdong/1/96‐lineage highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI) A (H5) viruses has occurred in multiple waves since 1996. From 2013 …

In November 2016, an influenza A (H5N8) outbreak caused deaths of wild birds and
domestic poultry in Germany. Clade 2.3. 4.4 virus was closely related to viruses detected at …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), originating from the
A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5 subtype, naturally circulate in wild-bird populations …

Abstract During autumn–winter 2016–2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8)
viruses caused mass die-offs among wild birds in the Netherlands. Among the≈ 13,600 …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is essentially a poultry disease. Wild birds have
traditionally not been involved in its spread, but the epidemiology of HPAI has changed in …