Abstract English is the dominant language in the study of human cognition and behavior: the
individuals studied by cognitive scientists, as well as most of the scientists themselves, are …

Researchers agree that comprehenders regularly predict upcoming language, but they do
not always agree on what prediction is (and how to differentiate it from integration) or what …

During real-time language comprehension, our minds rapidly decode complex meanings
from sequences of words. The difficulty of doing so is known to be related to words' …

Understanding spoken language requires transforming ambiguous acoustic streams into a
hierarchy of representations, from phonemes to meaning. It has been suggested that the …

This volume outlines a model of language that can be characterized as functionalist, usage-
based, dynamic, and complex-adaptive. The core idea is that linguistic structure is not stable …

We consider several key aspects of prediction in language comprehension: its
computational nature, the representational level (s) at which we predict, whether we use …

Much research in cognitive neuroscience supports prediction as a canonical computation of
cognition across domains. Is such predictive coding implemented by feedback from higher …

Written by a team of leading experts working in different SLA specialisms, this fourth edition
is a clear and concise introduction to the main theories of second language acquisition …

The fully updated eighth edition of Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook provides
comprehensive yet accessible coverage of all the key areas in the field ranging from visual …

Efficient language processing may involve generating expectations about upcoming input.
To investigate the extent to which prediction might facilitate reading, a large-scale survey …