Three-dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the
past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices …

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the regular n–i–p device architecture have reached
above 25% certified efficiency with continuously reported improvements in recent years. A …

Tin dioxide (SnO2), the most stable oxide of tin, is a metal oxide semiconductor that finds its
use in a number of applications due to its interesting energy band gap that is easily tunable …

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where
the evolution of the electron‐selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has …

The photovoltaics of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have shown rapid
improvements in solar cell performance, surpassing the top efficiency of semiconductor …

The efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have gone from single digits to a certified 22.1% in
a few years' time. At this stage of their development, the key issues concern how to achieve …

Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive research attention owing to
their simple architecture and manufacturing process. Improving the charge extraction ability …

The highest power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is beyond 22%. Charge
transport layers are found to be critical for device performance and stability. A traditional …

SnO2 has been well investigated in many successful state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells
(PSCs) due to its favorable attributes such as high mobility, wide bandgap, and deep …

In the past decade, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has attracted tremendous attention thanks
to the substantial efforts in improving the power conversion efficiency from 3.8% to 25.5% for …