Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by the destruction of
pancreatic β‐cells in response to autoimmune reactions. Shapiro et al. conducted novel islet …

The collaborative efforts of patients, clinical and translational researchers, the
pharmaceutical industry and funding sources are needed to advance therapies for lupus …

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common severe organ manifestations of
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is associated with significant morbidity and …

The B cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor, belimumab, is the first biologic drug approved for
the treatment of SLE, and exhibits modest, but durable, efficacy in decreasing disease flares …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a relapsing-
remitting course that can affect various organs or systems, leading to a broad spectrum of …

O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica de origem
autoimune que apresenta manifestações clínicas variáveis, sendo progressiva e …

Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), initially utilized in the treatment of
malaria, have now developed a long list of applications. Despite their clinical relevance …

Background Specific autoantibodies are considered as an important marker in autoimmune
rheumatic diseases and are of great value for the diagnosis and prognosis of systemic lupus …

Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systematic lupus erythematosus and
Sjögren's syndrome, are a group of diseases characterized by the activation of immune cells …

Leflunomide is a classic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug that is widely used to treat
autoimmune diseases. Studies also show its antiviral effects in in vitro and/or in vivo …