Protein–DNA interactions provide fundamental control mechanisms over biologically
essential processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and repair. However, many …

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is widely used for topographic imaging of DNA and protein-
DNA complexes in ambient conditions with nanometer resolution. In AFM studies of protein …

The most fundamental step in gene expression is transcription, during which DNA is
transcribed to a corresponding RNA strand by the action of RNA polymerases (RNAPs) …

Background Over the past years there are increasing evidences that the interplay between
two molecules of RNA polymerases, initiating transcription from promoters, oriented in …

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method of adding a single-stranded DNA
(ssDNA) hairpin loop to one end of linear double-stranded (ds) DNA templates was …

Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of compaction for DNA in the genome. These
positively charged proteins have two main types of nucleosomes: canonical (H3 containing) …

Nucleosomes are the basic repeating unit defining the assembly and function of chromatin.
Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of nucleosome structure and dynamics is …

With recent advances in sequencing and mapping of genomes, the occurrence of
overlapping and nested transcription units is more common than previously thought in both …

The synthesis of modified oligonucleotides is, as in previous years, divided into sections
describing updates on synthesis, followed by modifications to the backbone, sugar and …