Cardiovascular disease and brain disorders, such as depression and cognitive dysfunction,
are highly prevalent conditions and are among the leading causes limiting patient's quality …

The autonomic nervous system modulates glucose and fat metabolism through both direct
neural effects and hormonal effects. This review presents recent concepts on the …

1. Introduction Differences in the autonomic system may be due to differences in afferent
receptor stimulation, in central The autonomic nervous system is of importance in the reflex …

Sex has an important influence on blood pressure (BP) regulation. There is increasing
evidence that sex hormones interfere with the renin-angiotensin system. Thus the purpose of …

It has been shown that the female sex hormones have a protective role in the development
of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. The present study tested the hypotheses …

Methods. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that sympathetic responses during exercise are
augmented in PMW compared to young women (YW), and estradiol administration …

The role of estrogen in central autonomic nuclei was examined in ovariectomized female
Sprague–Dawley rats supplemented daily for 7 days with either estrogen (5 μg/kg; sc) or …

During their reproductive years women produce significant levels of estrogens,
predominantly in the form of estradiol, that are thought to play an important role in …

Background Women in many cohorts have a higher risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the
most common form of dementia. Sex is a biological construct whereby differences in disease …

This study was designed to determine baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) to hypotensive
and hypertensive stimuli during the early follicular (EF), preovulation (PreOV), and midluteal …