X‐ray computed tomography is a strong tool that finds many applications both in medical
applications and in the investigation of biological and nonbiological samples. In the clinics …

Recent years have improved our understanding of the plasticity of cell types behind
inducing, building, and maintaining different types of teeth. The latest efforts were aided by …

For well over half of the 150 years since the discovery of the neural crest, the special ability
of these cells to function as a source of species‐specific pattern has been clearly …

Patterning of craniofacial muscles overtly begins with the activation of lineage‐specific
markers at precise, evolutionarily conserved locations within prechordal, lateral, and both …

Vertebrate sensory organs arise from epithelial thickenings called placodes. Along with
neural crest cells, cranial placodes are considered ectodermal novelties that drove evolution …

The origin of the jaw is a long-standing problem in vertebrate evolutionary biology. Classical
hypotheses of serial homology propose that the upper and lower jaw evolved through …

Abstract Background Calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2] is widely accepted as a biocompatible
interappointment intracanal medicament. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of Ca …

In the last decade, the CRISPR/Cas9 bacterial virus defense system has been adapted as a
user-friendly, efficient, and precise method for targeted mutagenesis in eukaryotes. Though …

Vertebrate extraocular muscles (EOMs) function in eye movements. The EOMs of modern
jawed vertebrates consist primarily of four recti and two oblique muscles innervated by three …

The cranial neural crest (CNC) arises within the developing central nervous system, but then
migrates away from the neural tube in three consecutive streams termed mandibular, hyoid …