Summary The interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology
because the IL‐1 family and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More …

More than any other cytokine family, the 11 members of the IL-1 family are associated with
innate immune responses, which occur in acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory …

Objectives To investigate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages
and their polarisation in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Synovial tissues …

The IL-1 family of cytokines currently comprises of seven ligands with pro-inflammatory
activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) as well as two ligands with anti …

The extracellular forms of the IL‐1 cytokines are active through binding to specific receptors
on the surface of target cells. IL‐1 ligands bind to the extracellular portion of their ligand …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily
affects joints. The several mechanisms involved in the development of the disease are not …

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease causing erythematosus and scaly skin
plaques; up to 30% of patients with psoriasis develop Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), which is …

Macrophages maintain a dynamic balance in physiology. Various known or unknown
microenvironmental signals influence the polarization, activation and death of macrophages …

IL-36 cytokines, a subgroup of IL-1 family, comprise IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ agonists,
abundantly expressed in psoriatic skin, and IL-36RA and IL-38 antagonists. In psoriatic skin …

We elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 in allergic asthma. Human
bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils were cocultured upon stimulation with the viral …