Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has currently become a global pandemic, is a
metabolic disease largely characterised by impaired insulin secretion and action. Significant …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most widespread form of diabetes, characterized by
chronic hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and inefficient insulin secretion and action …

In the last two decades, numerous in vitro studies demonstrated that insulin receptors and
theirs downstream pathways are widely distributed throughout the brain. This evidence has …

Adherence to therapy is defined as the extent to which a person's behavior in taking
medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed …

Highlights•An unprecedented number of peptide therapeutics have recently been
approved.•Clinical pipeline analysis reveals an emphasis on peptides with enhanced …

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic
population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are …

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an astounding rate. Many of the agents
used to treat type 2 diabetes have undesirable adverse effects of hypoglycemia and weight …

There is growing evidence that patients with Type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of
developing Parkinson's disease and share similar dysregulated pathways suggesting …

Highlights•GLP-1 analogs can cross the blood–brain barrier and stimulate the GLP-1
receptor in the brain.•Stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor has shown effects on mitochondrial …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Glucagon-like peptide-1− based therapy is gaining widespread
use for type 2 diabetes, although there are concerns about risks for pancreatitis and …