Abstract The 2 nd International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in
Monteriggioni (Siena), Italy, September 11-14, 2018. The aim of this meeting was to address …

In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, a modulatory role of the
active form of vitamin D on cells of the immune system, particularly T lymphocytes, has been …

Vitamin D deficiency is common and there exists a huge gap between recommended dietary
vitamin D intakes and the poor vitamin D supply in the general population. While vitamin D is …

Although mitochondria are best known for being the eukaryotic cell powerhouses, these
organelles participate in various cellular functions besides ATP production, such as calcium …

Background Poor diet quality is associated with obesity-related morbidity and mortality.
Psychological stress can increase unhealthy dietary choices, but evidence pertinent to …

Prenatal exposure to vitamin D may play a significant role in human brain development and
function. Previous epidemiological studies investigating the associations between maternal …

Background: Several studies about humans and animals have separately examined the
effects of prenatal nutrition and stress on fetal development, pregnancy, and birth outcomes …

The process of development depends on a number of signaling systems that regulates the
progressive sequence of developmental events. Infertility and neurodevelopmental …

Background Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may increase the risk of autism and attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective The objective of this study was to estimate …

Background Prevalence of mental health disorders continue to increase worldwide. Over the
past decades, suboptimal vitamin D (VD) levels and gut dysbiosis have been associated …