Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and
contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular …

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat
stores, with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves. Besides adipose tissue, leptin …

T cell metabolism is dynamic and highly regulated. While the intrinsic metabolic programs of
T cell subsets are integral to their distinct differentiation and functional patterns, the ability of …

Background: Leptin is an adipokine with well-known effects on the central nervous system
including the induction of energy expenditure and satiety. Leptin also has major relevance …

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to systemic insulin resistance. In obesity and
type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies across the world, which
is due to delayed diagnosis and resistance to current therapies. The interactions between …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a renal disease with a high incidence and mortality. Currently,
there are no targeted therapeutics for preventing and treating AKI. Macrophages, important …

The close association among cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney diseases suggests a
common pathological basis and significant interaction among these diseases. Metabolic …

Background The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases with obesity, with up to two
thirds of the elderly obese population affected by OA of the knee. The metabolic syndrome …

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that play myriad roles in the body.
Macrophages are known to reside in endocrine glands, and a body of evidence now …