Parkinson's disease is a recognisable clinical syndrome with a range of causes and clinical
presentations. Parkinson's disease represents a fast-growing neurodegenerative condition; …

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is
produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by …

The absolute reliance of the mammalian brain on oxygen to generate ATP renders it acutely
vulnerable to hypoxia, whether at high altitude or in clinical settings of anemia or pulmonary …

Objective Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported
repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which …

With the prevalence of nanoplastics in daily life, human exposure is inevitable. However,
whether and how nanoplastics cause neurotoxicity in humans remains obscure. Herein, we …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease typified by a movement
disorder consisting of bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. Treatment …

Prolonged survival of a typical postmitotic neuron hinges on a balance between multiple
processes, among these are a sustenance of ATP production and protection against reactive …

Brain glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and
glycogen turnover, produces ATP for energetic support and provides the precursors for the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. Despite
decades of research, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are not well understood. Brain …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder
primarily characterized by selective degeneration of both the upper motor neurons in the …