This review presents the nature, fundamental structure, and various morphologies of native
poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) matrix. It highlights recent advances in pure PVA and its …

1. INTRODUCTION Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have increasingly
received worldwide attention because of their potential application in transportation and in …

This paper presents a comprehensive review of ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC)
actuators. Recently, strong emphasis has been put on investigating various ionic polymer …

During the past decade proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as one kind of the
potential clean energy sources for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices are …

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are attractive as a power source options because ethanol
is a nontoxic, leading to ease of handling and a high energy density fuel, leading to high …

The relentless increase in the demand for useable power from energy-hungry economies
continues to drive energy-material related research. Fuel cells, as a future potential power …

Functionalizations of poly (vinyl alcohol) congruent with the desired applications are
discussed inthis article. The chemical modifications of poly (vinyl alcohol) with different …

Sulfonated aromatic polymers (SAP) are promising inexpensive polymer electrolyte
membranes for fuel cells, but there still exist some challenges about this kind of materials …

A novel polyamide (PA) thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane modified with Beta (β)
zeolite was prepared by interfacial polymerization on a poly (ether sulfone)(PES) …

Chloromethylated PEEK (CMPEEK) was successfully synthesized for the first time by
concentrated sulfuric acid as the solvent and its degree of chloromethylation (DC) was …