We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud
response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate …

In this study, it is shown that CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) that convert supercooled
water to ice at relatively warm temperatures tend to have a greater mean‐state cloud fraction …

Increasing optical depth poleward of 45° is a robust response to warming in global climate
models. Much of this cloud optical depth increase has been hypothesized to be due to …

Cloud feedback on global climate is determined by the combined action of multiple
processes that have different relevance in different cloud regimes. This review lays out the …

Low-level mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) are common in the Arctic. Both local and large-scale
phenomena influence the properties and lifetime of MPCs. Arctic fjords are characterized by …

The influence of six CAM5. 1 cloud microphysical parameters on the variance of phase
partitioning in mixed-phase clouds is determined by application of a variance-based …

Global coupled climate models have large long-standing cloud and radiation biases, calling
into question their ability to simulate climate and climate change. This study assesses the …

The Arctic region is known to be very sensitive to climate change. Clouds and in particular
mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) remain one of the greatest sources of uncertainties in the …

Increases in cloud optical depth and liquid water path (LWP) are robust features of global
warming model simulations in high latitudes, yielding a negative shortwave cloud feedback …