The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved pathway that allows the cell to
manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is imposed by the secretory demands …

Human leucocyte antigen B* 27 (HLA-B* 27) is strongly associated with inflammatory
diseases of the spine and pelvis (for example, ankylosing spondylitis (AS)) and the eye (that …

Over the past three decades, a considerable body of evidence has highlighted T cells as
pivotal culprits in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This includes the association of psoriasis …

Spondyloarthritis is a group of several related but phenotypically distinct disorders: psoriatic
arthritis, arthritis related to inflammatory bowel disease, reactive arthritis, a subgroup of …

Lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Discogenic pain secondary to
intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant cause of low back pain. Disc degeneration is …

We have generated transgenic mouse lines carrying and expressing wild‐type and 3′‐
modified human tumour necrosis factor (hTNF‐alpha, cachectin) transgenes. We show that …

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic
inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Enormous progress has been made …

The use of preclinical animal models of psoriasis has significantly increased over the last
three decades, with each model having unique strengths and limitations. Some models …

Ever since its modern conception as a medical discipline, the study of microorganisms has
paralleled the many technological advances in microbiology. In the 17th century, the …