The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused
a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, a subset of patients …

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has affected millions of people worldwide. To …

Influenza virus affects the respiratory tract by direct viral infection or by damage from the
immune system response. In humans, the respiratory epithelium is the only site where the …

Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are a leading cause of mortality. Mounting
evidence indicates that most severe cases are characterized by aberrant immune responses …

During respiration, humans breathe in more than 10,000 liters of non-sterile air daily,
allowing some pathogens access to alveoli. Interestingly, alveoli outnumber alveolar …

Influenza and other respiratory viral infections are the most common type of acute respiratory
infection. Viral infections predispose patients to secondary bacterial infections, which often …

Individuals suffering from severe viral respiratory tract infections have recently emerged as
“at risk” groups for developing invasive fungal infections. Influenza virus is one of the most …

Secondary bacterial infections often complicate viral respiratory infections. We hypothesize
that perturbation of the gut microbiota during influenza A virus (IAV) infection might favor …

Objectives Severe or critical COVID-19 is associated with intensive care unit admission,
increased secondary infection rate, and would lead to significant worsened prognosis. Risks …

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the sentinel cells of the alveolar space, maintaining
homeostasis, fending off pathogens, and controlling lung inflammation. During acute lung …