This paper assesses how the 'Great Replacement'conspiracy theory (the idea that ethnically
homogeneous populations in European nations are being 'replaced'by people of non …

Recent right-wing extremist terrorists were active in online fringe communities connected to
the alt-right movement. Although these are commonly considered as distinctly hateful, racist …

This contribution seeks to demonstrate how studying memes as a collection depends on the
website or platform where they are sourced. To do so, we compare how memes, specifically …

The automatic identification of harmful content online is of major concern for social media
platforms, policymakers, and society. Researchers have studied textual, visual, and audio …

Current research on visual media and the far right creates two expectations: that memes
play an increasingly salient role in the far right's digital visual culture, and that the visual and …

Humor that denigrates social groups can be just as harmful as hate speech. Despite
research indicating the prevalence of humorous hate speech, how audiences perceive and …

Despite initial suggestions that the COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone equally, it quickly
became clear that some were much worse affected than others. Marginalization—including …

This paper traces the recent turn to humour, irony and ambiguity embodied in the adaptation
of memes into the repertoire of online propaganda of the militant neo-Nazi group the Nordic …

Since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there have been widespread
conversations about the origins of the virus and who to blame for it. This article focuses on …

The rise of user-generated content (UGC), such as internet memes and amateur videos,
enables new possibilities for mediatization of the past. However, these possibilities can …