Background. Schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in
Africa. These schistosome parasites use freshwater snail intermediate hosts to complete …

The freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, is an important intermediate host in the life
cycle for the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis …

Corbicula fluminea is highly sensitive to ammonia, and its response mechanism to ammonia
stress is unclear. In this study, C. fluminea was exposed to different levels of ammonia …

The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is widely distributed in the
mammalian central nervous system, where it acts as a major mediator of synaptic inhibition …

Abstract The catecholamine 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, or dopamine, acts as a
neurotransmitter across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. Functions attributed to dopamine in …

Snails belonging to the genus Biomphalaria serve as obligatory intermediate hosts for the
trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for the most widespread form of …

The simpler nervous systems of certain invertebrates provide opportunities to examine
colocalized classical neurotransmitters in the context of identified neurons and well defined …

Abstract Background The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis) has been widely used
as a model organism in neurobiology, ecotoxicology, and parasitology due to the relative …

Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters involved in reproduction and growth have been
studied extensively in certain gastropod molluscs, such as Lymnaea stagnalis and Aplysia …

Gastropods are the largest and most diverse class of mollusc and include species that are
well studied within the areas of taxonomy, aquaculture, biomineralization, ecology …