Bipedalism is a hallmark of being human and the human foot is modified to reflect this
unique form of locomotion. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with calling the human foot “a …

Modern humans are characterized by a highly specialized foot that reflects our obligate
bipedalism. Our understanding of hominin foot evolution is, although, hindered by a paucity …

As an arboreal radiation of mammals, primates1 have access to a rich set of resources
including fruits, seeds, flowers, leaves, insects and the occasional lizard. To reach them they …

The longitudinal arch of the human foot is commonly thought to reduce midfoot joint motion
to convert the foot into a rigid lever during push off in bipedal walking. In contrast, African …

The anatomical design of the human foot is considered to facilitate generation of bipedal
walking. However, how the morphology and structure of the human foot actually contribute to …

Objectives Many aspects of chimpanzee ankle and midfoot joint morphology are believed to
reflect adaptations for arboreal locomotion. However, terrestrial travel also constitutes a …

Objectives Internal bone structure, both cortical and trabecular bone, remodels in response
to loading and may provide important information regarding behavior. The foot is well suited …

The human foot is considered to be morphologically adapted for habitual bipedal
locomotion. However, how the mobility and mechanical interaction of the human foot with …

Functional analyses of the 4.4 Ma hominin Ardipithecus ramidus postcrania revealed a
previously unknown and unpredicted locomotor pattern combining arboreal clambering and …

The foot has played a prominent role in evaluating early hominin locomotion. The
calcaneus, in particular, plays an important role in weight-bearing. Although the calcanei of …