Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of
preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse nanoparticles with large heterogeneity in size and
molecular composition. Although this heterogeneity provides high diagnostic value for liquid …

Matrix vesicles (MVs) have shown strong effects in diseases such as vascular ectopic
calcification and pathological calcified osteoarthritis and in wound repair of the skeletal …

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are foundational to all biological systems and naturally
evolved as an intersection between living systems and active materials. Despite extensive …

Microvesicles (MVs) are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that can transfer biological
information over long distances, affecting normal and pathological processes including skin …

Extracellular vesicles are small particles involved in intercellular signaling. They are
produced by virtually all cell types, transport biological molecules, and are released into the …

Tumor tissue is densely packed with cancer cells, non‐cancerous cells, and ECM, forming
functional structures. Cancer cells transfer extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modify surrounding …

Retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular
degeneration (AMD), loom as threats to vision, causing detrimental effects on the structure …

The gut communicates with the brain in a variety of ways known as the gut–brain axis (GBA),
which is known to affect neurophysiological functions as well as neuronal disorders …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of lipid particles excreted by cells.
They play an important role in regeneration, development, inflammation, and cancer …