Esters are among the highest volume of industrial organic compounds produced. They are
frequently employed in various domestic and industrial processes. Fischer esterification …

Process intensification is a valuable strategy to improve the performance of production
processes. It may allow reductions on costs and environmental impact, and enhancements …

Intense utilization of natural fuel resources is threatening the global environment and
societal sustainability. It triggers up the need for finding environmental-friendly and …

Microalgae-led wastewater treatment is a promising biorefinery approach to promote
environmental and economical sustainability. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) …

Biodiesel is a renewable energy source. However, high production cost, low product
efficiency, and long reaction time have been the main technical challenges in biodiesel …

In the present study, heterogeneous acid catalysts for fatty acid esterification reactions were
synthesized using agro-industrial waste from murumuru kernel shells. The waste was …

Conventional homogeneous catalysts are non-biodegradable, requiring complicated
downstream separation, further diminishing the overall economics. In this paper, a new …

The industrial revolution has created severe water contamination issues due to the release
of toxic chemicals into water channels. This crisis has become worst in underdeveloped …

Research on bulk nanobubbles with various applications has been widely reported in the
literature. However, the majority of studies are still limited to small scales with non …

Commercial production and academic research on microalgae for biodiesel are in their
infancy. This research explores the case of a sub-Saharan country that has limited resources …