Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The
outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is …

ABSTRACT Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread around the world …

Despite our efforts to halt the increase and spread of antimicrobial resistance, bacteria
continue to become less susceptible to antimicrobial drugs over time, and rates of discovery …

Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense,
contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As …

Objective This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of
bacterial lysates, evidence of an induction of innate immunity, and the interaction with …

Immunotherapies that can either activate or suppress innate immune responses are being
investigated as treatments against infectious diseases and the pathology they can cause …

Our understanding of the biology of cancer and the application of this knowledge to cancer
treatment has greatly outpaced what we know of the biology underlying the symptoms and …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Innate
defenses are essential to the control of pneumococcal infections, and deficient responses …

Most studies of innate immunity have focused on leukocytes such as neutrophils,
macrophages, and natural killer cells. However, epithelial cells play key roles in innate …

Influenza virus infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is
due in part to the continual emergence of new viral variants and to synergistic interactions …