Cacao, one of the world's most important perennial crops, is almost exclusively explored for
chocolate manufacturing. Most cacao varieties belong to three groups: Criollo, Forastero …

Farm product diversification, shade provision and low access to fertilizers often result in the
purposeful integration of upper canopy trees in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations …

Independent short-term effects of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 50–400 µmol
m− 2 s− 1, external CO 2 concentration (C a) of 85–850 cm 3 m− 3, and vapor pressure …

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has traditionally been considered a crop that requires shade,
and consequently it is implemented under agroforestry systems (AFs) in order to regulate the …

Variation in photosynthetic parameters was observed between eight contrasting cacao
(Theobroma cacao) genotypes. Net photosynthetic rate (PN) ranged from 3.4 to 5.7 μmol …

The physiological performance of four cacao clones was examined under three artificial
shade regimes over the course of a year in Ghana. Plants under light shade had significantly …

Theobroma cacao is a tropical understory tree that is traditionally grown in an agroforestry
system under a shade canopy; but is increasingly being grown in an orchard system with …

The suboptimal productivity in cocoa farmers' fields, particularly those of small-holders who
produce over 80% of the global supply, and the demand for cocoa that meets stringent …

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is mainly pollinated by ceratopogonid midges (Forcipomyia
spp.). However, other insect species will also pollinate cocoa flowers when these midges …

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was grown as an understory tree in agroforestry systems
where it received inadequate to adequate levels of photosynthetic photon flux density …