This article offers insights into trends found in 74 empirical studies on teaching and learning
a foreign language (FL) in pre-primary schools in 25 countries. The emerging picture is like …

Methodological and theoretical innovations in second language (L2) narrative research
have yielded helpful insights into L2 learning and teaching over the past four decades …

Finland has become more linguistically diverse. Simultaneously, inequalities in access to
educational opportunities have started to be documented for students in vulnerable …

This paper explores the ways that multilingual children attempt to access the English
medium curriculum in Cameroonian primary education. We focus on Francophone Yaoundé …

This article presents an innovative way to engage schoolchildren in discussions on
multilingualism and multilingual identity using research data they helped generate. Adopting …

This chapter reports on a mixed-methods study to explore Grade 6 (age 11–12) students'
experiences with the English private tutoring (EPT) they had received in Kazakhstan. Data …

This article aims to provide an overview of the types of questions and concerns adult
researchers working with children in L2 education need to consider when it comes to …

An important issue in studies on pre-task planning (PTP) is the language used by the
participants, but only recently have researchers paid attention to this topic, with no study …

This study investigates 10th grade English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' and
teachers' beliefs and practices surrounding learner autonomy (LA). Rooted in a theoretical …

Abstract The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) including the recent
Companion Volume aim to develop learners' competences so that they can confidently use …