Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic disease, is caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Type I and III …

Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest known superfamily of secondary active
transporters. MFS transporters are responsible for transporting a broad spectrum of …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

UNC93B1 is critical for trafficking and function of nucleic acid–sensing Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, which are essential for antiviral immunity. Overactive …

Hyperactive TLR7 signaling has long been appreciated as driver of autoimmune disease in
mouse models. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in TLR7 were identified as a monogenic …

Dendritic cells have the ability to efficiently present internalized antigens on major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules. This process is termed cross-presentation …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique DC subset that specializes in the
production of type I interferons (IFNs). pDCs promote antiviral immune responses and have …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing
pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …