Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and
methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino …

ABSTRACT Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases
the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of …

Caffeine is a widely utilized performance-enhancing supplement used by athletes and non-
athletes alike. In recent years, a number of meta-analyses have demonstrated that caffeine's …

Background Taurine has become a popular supplement among athletes attempting to
improve performance. While the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid remains …

Background Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers
published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key …

Taurine is a nonproteinogenic ß‐aminosulfonic acid. Important dietary sources of taurine are
fish and seafood. Taurine interacts with ion channels, stabilizes membranes, and regulates …

Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid, demonstrated to enhance performance across
a wide range of capacities through a variety of mechanisms. As such, it is frequently used by …

The plant defence compound caffeine is widely consumed as a performance enhancer in a
sporting context, with potential benefits expected in both physiological and psychological …

The consumption of energy drinks (eg, containing caffeine and taurine) has increased over
the last decade among adolescents and athletes to enhance their cognitive level and …

Taurine is a conditionally essential micronutrient and one of the most abundant amino acids
in humans,–. In endogenous taurine metabolism, dedicated enzymes are involved in the …