In this mini-review, we present evidence from the vast literature that one essential part of the
coupled atmosphere–ocean system that makes life on Earth possible, the water cycle, is …

The aridity index, also known as the Budyko index, describes spatiotemporal changes in the
hydroclimatic system in the long-term perspective. Defined as the ratio between potential …

Rainfall, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration (ET 0) have a significant influence
on irrigation, aridity, flooding, and crop water requirements. The primary aims of this study …

Abstract Drought indices like Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized
Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are applied to determine the drought …

The present study analyzed the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and its components
[transpiration (Et), bare soil evaporation (Eb), interception loss (Ei), and open water …

In the context of global warming, extreme drought has seriously endangered the safety of
human lives and assets, indicating an urgent need for its accurate monitoring and early …

Global warming affects, among many other things, groundwater recharge conditions. Over
recent decades, this phenomenon in the Carpathians has been emphasized by the …

Persistent droughts are known to induce stress on agricultural crops and forest ecosystems.
Severe long-lasting droughts lead to food insecurity. With rising air temperatures and …

Evapotranspiration (ETo) is considered a main component of the hydrological cycle. This
study was carried out on a medium-size park within a highly urbanized area, close to the …

Severe droughts of 2022 in Europe raise the question if one has sufficient knowledge and
tools to predict and prevent such events. Analysis of 40 years of meteorological data for …