Venoms have evolved on numerous occasions throughout the animal kingdom. These
'biochemical weapon systems' typically function to facilitate, or protect the producing animal …

Recent proteomic analyses of snake venoms show that metalloproteinases represent major
components in most of the Crotalid and Viperid venoms. In this chapter we discuss the …

Venoms are integrated phenotypes that evolved independently in, and are used for
predatory and defensive purposes by, a wide phylogenetic range of organisms. The same …

Snakebite envenoming is predominantly an occupational disease of the rural tropics,
causing death or permanent disability to hundreds of thousands of victims annually. The …

This work offers a general overview on the evolving strategies for the proteomic analysis of
snake venoms, and discusses how these may be combined through diverse experimental …

The development of snake antivenoms more than a century ago should have heralded
effective treatment of the scourge of snakebite envenoming in impoverished, mostly rural …

Animal-derived antivenoms constitute the mainstay in the therapy of snakebite envenoming.
The efficacy of antivenoms to neutralize toxicity of medically-relevant snake venoms has to …

We describe two geographically differentiated venom phenotypes across the wide
distribution range of Bothrops atrox, from the Colombian Magdalena Medio Valley through …

Venomic analysis of the venoms of Naja nigricollis, N. katiensis, N. nubiae, N. mossambica,
and N. pallida revealed similar compositional trends. The high content of cytotoxins and …

A deep understanding of the composition of venoms and of the principles governing the
evolution of venomous systems is of applied importance for exploring the enormous …