The development of the musculoskeletal system is a complex process that involves very
precise control of bone formation and growth as well as remodeling during postnatal life …

Over the last decade the identification of mutations in the receptors for fibroblast growth
factors (FGFs) has defined essential roles for FGF signaling in both endochondral and …

Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived …

Craniosynostosis, defined as the premature fusion of the cranial sutures, presents many
challenges in classification and treatment. At least 20% of cases are caused by specific …

The Msx1 homeobox gene is expressed at diverse sites of epithelial–mesenchymal
interaction during vertebrate embryogenesis, and has been implicated in signalling …

Intramembranous bone growth is achieved through bone formation within a periosteum or
by bone formation at sutures. Sutures are formed during embryonic development at the sites …

Apert syndrome is a distinctive human malformation comprising craniosynostosis and
severe syndactyly of the hands and feet. We have identified specific missense substitutions …

All vertebrates possess anatomical features not seen in their closest living relatives, the
protochordates (tunicates and amphioxus). Some of these features depend on develop …

BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists
regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad …

Rieger syndrome (REG) is an autosomal–dominant human disorder that includes anomalies
of the anterior chamber of the eye, dental hypoplasia and a protuberant umbilicus. We report …