Tumor immunotherapy is only effective in a fraction of patients due to a low response rate
and severe side effects, and these challenges of immunotherapy in clinics can be addressed …

RNA-based gene therapy requires therapeutic RNA to function inside target cells without
eliciting unwanted immune responses. RNA can be ferried into cells using non-viral drug …

Biomolecule-based nanostructures are inherently multifunctional and harbour diverse
biological activities, which can be explored for cancer nanomedicine. The supramolecular …

Nanoparticle-based systems imbued with both diagnostic and therapeutic functions, known
as nanotheranostics, have enabled remarkable progress in guiding focal therapy, inducing …

The existence of natural van der Waals gaps in layered materials allows them to be easily
intercalated with varying guest species, offering an appealing strategy to optimize their …

RNA interference (RNAi) provides researchers with a versatile means to modulate target
gene expression. The major forms of RNAi molecules, genome-derived microRNAs …

CRISPR-based drugs can theoretically manipulate any genetic target. In practice, however,
these drugs must enter the desired cell without eliciting an unwanted immune response, so …

Effective anticancer nanomedicines need to exhibit prolonged circulation in blood, to
extravasate and accumulate in tumours, and to be taken up by tumour cells. These …

Targeting nanoparticle (NP) carriers to sites of disease is critical for their successful use as
drug delivery systems. Along with optimization of physicochemical properties, researchers …

The application of nanotechnology for the treatment of cancer is mostly based on early tumor
detection and diagnosis by nanodevices capable of selective targeting and delivery of …