Cancer immunotherapy is an effective antitumor approach through activating immune
systems to eradicate tumors by immunotherapeutics. However, direct administration of …

The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by infection with the
pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) has been on a downward trend for decades due …

Lymph node follicles capture and retain antigens to induce germinal centers and long-lived
humoral immunity. However, control over antigen retention has been limited. Here we …

During the last three decades, the development and commercialization of conjugate
vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcus, and serogroups C …

The surface of cells is coated with a dense layer of glycans, known as the cell glycocalyx.
The complex glycans in the glycocalyx are involved in various biological events, such as …

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the death of millions
worldwide and stands as a major threat to our healthcare systems, which are heavily reliant …

Shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis, is among the main causes of diarrheal diseases
with still a high morbidity in low-income countries. Relying on chemical synthesis, we …

Glycans are key players in many biological processes. They are essential for protein folding
and stability and act as recognition elements in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Thus …

Glycoconjugate vaccines against bacteria are one of the success stories of modern
medicine and have led to a significant reduction in the global occurrence of bacterial …

Polysaccharides are abundant natural polymers, which in nature are at times covalently
modified with peptides and proteins. Polysaccharide–protein or polysaccharide–peptide …