Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed,
even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable …

Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic
and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic …

Cancers emerge from an ongoing Darwinian evolutionary process, often leading to multiple
competing subclones within a single primary tumour,,,. This evolutionary process culminates …

Cancers evolve by a reiterative process of clonal expansion, genetic diversification and
clonal selection within the adaptive landscapes of tissue ecosystems. The dynamics are …

Barrett's esophagus is thought to progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) through a
stepwise progression with loss of CDKN2A followed by TP53 inactivation and aneuploidy …

The revolution in cancer research can be summed up in a single sentence: cancer is, in
essence, a genetic disease. In the last decade, many important genes responsible for the …

Neoplasms are microcosms of evolution. Within a neoplasm, a mosaic of mutant cells
compete for space and resources, evade predation by the immune system and can even …

Major efforts to sequence cancer genomes are now occurring throughout the world. Though
the emerging data from these studies are illuminating, their reconciliation with epidemiologic …

The molecular genetic relationship between esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its
precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus, is poorly understood. Using whole-genome …

Cancer cells are shaped through an evolutionary process of DNA mutation, cell selection
and population expansion. Early steps in this process are driven by a set of mutated driver …