Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare, but is the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor.
Unfortunately, only a small population of cancer patients is acceptable for the surgical …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of the bile ducts and
represents the second most common hepatic cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma; it is sub …

Background: Immunotherapy has recently been incorporated into the spectrum of biliary tract
cancer (BTC) treatment. The identification of predictive response biomarkers is essential in …

Background and Aims Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly and highly therapy‐refractory
cancer of the bile ducts, with early results from immune checkpoint blockade trials showing …

Background Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is a unique genomic status in many
cancers. However, its role in the genomic features and immunotherapy in …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have brought significant clinical
benefit in many solid cancer types, including gastrointestinal malignancies. However, it has …

Simple Summary The incidence of cholangiocarcinomas is rising. The prognosis of this
heterogeneous group of tumors remains poor. Standard chemotherapy options are limited …

Introduction: Cancers of the biliary tract (BTC) are aggressive malignancies with limited
treatment options and an overall dismal prognosis. In recent years, two concepts, namely …

Simple Summary A new era has emerged in oncology in the last ten years with the
development of immune therapies. However, single-agent immune therapy such as immune …

Simple Summary In the era of personalized oncology, next-generation sequencing plays an
important role in identifying mutations that may predict the molecular pathomechanism and …