Rodents are commonly used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain as studies
in humans may be difficult to perform and ethically limited. As pain cannot be directly …

Demographic changes, with substantial increase in life expectancy, ask for solid knowledge
about how pain perception might be altered by aging. Although psychophysical studies on …

Purpose. The pain VAS is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity (1), which has been
widely used in diverse adult populations, including those with rheumatic diseases (2–5) …

A method to measure cutaneous hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation in unrestrained animals
is described. The testing paradigm uses an automated detection of the behavioral end-point; …

The measurement of subjective pain intensity continues to be important to both researchers
and clinicians. Although several scales are currently used to assess the intensity construct, it …

The formalin test for nociception, which is predominantly used with rats and mice, involves
moderate, continuous pain generated by injured tissue. In this way it differs from most …

Many are frustrated with the lack of translational progress in the pain field, in which huge
gains in basic science knowledge obtained using animal models have not led to the …

Study Design. A cross-sectional population study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
changes. Objective. To examine the pattern and prevalence of lumbar spine MRI changes …

Patients' memories of painful medical procedures may influence their decisions about future
treatments, yet memories are imperfect and susceptible to bias. We recorded in real-time the …

To study animal welfare empirically we need an objective basis for deciding when an animal
is suffering. Suffering includes a wide range ofunpleasant emotional states such as fear …