The mammalian neocortex is composed of a variety of cell types organized in a highly
interconnected circuit. GABAergic neurons account for only about 20% of cortical neurons …

Visual information reaches the cerebral cortex through a major thalamocortical pathway that
connects the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus with the primary visual area of …

In primary sensory cortices, thalamocortical (TC) inputs can directly activate excitatory and
inhibitory neurons. In vivo experiments in the main input layer (L4) of primary visual cortex …

In the mammalian primary visual cortex, neural tuning to stimulus orientation is organized in
either columnar or salt-and-pepper patterns across species. For decades, this sharp contrast …

Motion perception is crucial to animal survival and effective environmental interactions. In
mammals, detection of movement begins in the retina. Directionally selective (DS) retinal …

Thalamocortical conduction times are short, but layer 6 corticothalamic axons display an
enormous range of conduction times, some exceeding 40–50 ms. Here, we investigate (1) …

During sleep, external sensory events rarely elicit a behavioral response or affect
perception. However, how sensory processing differs between wakefulness and sleep …

Some cortical neurons receive highly selective thalamocortical (TC) input, but others do not.
Here, we examine connectivity of single thalamic neurons (lateral geniculate nucleus, LGN) …

Stimulus orientation in the primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores is mapped as iso-
orientation domains radiating from pinwheel centres, where orientation preferences of …

Whether, when, and how causal interactions between neurons can be meaningfully studied
from observations of neural activity alone are vital questions in neural data analysis. Here …