In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces
or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that …

Active matter extracts energy from its surroundings at the single particle level and transforms
it into mechanical work. Examples include cytoskeleton biopolymers and bacterial …

Intelligence of physical agents, such as human-made (eg, robots, autonomous cars) and
biological (eg, animals, plants) ones, is not only enabled by their computational intelligence …

The remarkable processes that characterize living organisms, such as motility, self-healing
and reproduction, are fuelled by a continuous injection of energy at the microscale. The field …

Various types of structures self-organised by animals exist in nature, such as bird flocks and
insect swarms, which stem from the local communications of vast numbers of limited …

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This
has stimulated the new field of'active matter'in recent years, which focuses on the physical …

Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully
colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen …

Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the
nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological …

Liquids composed of self-propelled particles have been experimentally realized using
molecular, colloidal or macroscopic constituents,,,,. These active liquids can flow …

INTRODUCTION Conventional nonequilibrium systems are composed of inanimate
components whose dynamics is powered by the external input of energy. For example, in a …