Although fuel spray parameters, such as spray cone angle and penetration length, are
crucial for developing high-efficiency and high-performance combustion engines, general …

Compression ignition engines when operated on gasoline fuels cause significant reduction
in NO x and particulate emissions. In such advanced combustion strategy, the fuel-oxidiser …

Cold start causes a high amount of unburned hydrocarbon and particulate matter emissions
in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the …

Abstract Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly used to predict fuel spray characteristics, but
ML conventionally requires large datasets for training. There is a problem of limited training …

The rapid phase change of flash boiling jets would induce under-expansion and affect the
spray characteristics, but there is lack of investigations on fuel properties on under …

Fuel spray and atomization processes affect the combus-tion and emissions characteristics
of fuels in internal combustion engines. Biodiesel and synthetic fuels such as oxymethylene …