Macrophages are endowed with a variety of receptors for lineage-determining growth
factors, T helper (Th) cell cytokines, and B cell, host, and microbial products. In tissues …

The precise function of eosinophils in parasitic infection in vivo remains poorly understood
despite eosinophils having been shown to be potent effectors in killing parasites in vitro …

Throughout evolutionary history, animals have faced attack by fellow metazoans, often
resulting in damage to tissues. This can take the form of a worm migrating to find its …

▪ Abstract Immune responses can cause severe disease, despite the role immunity plays in
defending against parasitism. Indeed, immunopathology is a remarkably common cause of …

Parasitic nematodes, living in the intestinal tract or within tissues of theirs hosts, are
constantly exposed to an array of immune effector mechanisms. One strategy to cope with …

Macrophages are among the first cellular actors facing the invasion of microorganisms.
These cells are able to internalize pathogens and destroy them by means of toxic mediators …

▪ Abstract Parasitic nematodes that infect humans, animals, and plants cause serious
diseases that are deleterious to human health and agricultural productivity. Chemical and …

This review summarizes current knowledge of macrophages in helminth infections, with a
focus not only on delineating the striking similarities in macrophage phenotype between …

Background. Monocytes/macrophages from filaria‐infected animals exhibit an alternatively
activated phenotype; however, very little is known about the alternative activation phenotype …

All filariae examined to date express a comprehensive repertoire of both cytoplasmic and
secreted anti-oxidant enzymes, although significant differences exist between species and …