Fluctuating asymmetry consists of random deviations from perfect symmetry in populations
of organisms. It is a measure of developmental noise, which reflects a population's average …

There is growing evidence from both experimental and non-experimental studies that
fluctuating asymmetry does not consistently index stress or fitness. The widely held–yet …

In spite of a decade of furious activity and an increasingly bewildering array of analytical
methods, essential requirements for a robust study of fluctuating asymmetry have not …

Although the terminology used in studies of developmental instability refers explicitly to
development, this field of research has largely existed in isolation from mainstream …

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), in contrast with other asymmetries, is the bilateral asymmetry
that represents small, random developmental differences between right and left sides. After …

Fluctuating asymmetry, the random deviation from perfect symmetry, is a widely used
population-level index of developmental instability, developmental noise, and robustness. It …

We manipulated the quantity of food provided to hand‐reared song sparrows Melospiza
melodia from 3 to 18 days post‐hatching, a period when young birds in the wild are …

Human activities can generate a wide variety of direct and indirect effects on animals, which
can manifest as environmental and genetic stressors. Several phenotypic markers have …

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), which has been examined in a variety of plants and animals, is
widely promoted as a useful bioindicator of exogenous stressors in habitats, whether of …

Humans find symmetrical faces more attractive than are asymmetrical faces. Evolutionary
psychologists claim that our preference for symmetry can be explained in the context of mate …