Following a brief history and progress of ionospheric research, this paper presents a brief
review of the recent developments in the understanding of two major phenomena in low and …

Electric fields in the low and middle latitude ionosphere result from currents driven internally
by neutral winds and gravity, and externally by applied potentials. The resulting internal …

Key developments have been made to the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate
Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X). Among them, the most …

In a test of the generally accepted Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability mechanism for
equatorial spread F (ESF), a linear instability growth rate γRT is derived following the …

We present the first global empirical model for the quiet time F region equatorial vertical
drifts based on combined incoherent scatter radar observations at Jicamarca and Ion Drift …

Ionospheric electrodynamics depends, among other things, on the conductivity of the
ionosphere and on the strength of thermospheric winds. The theory of ionospheric …

Ionospheric plasma drifts often show highly complex and variable signatures during
geomagnetically active periods due to the effects of different disturbance processes. We …

We have used five years of measurements on board the ROCSAT‐1 satellite to develop a
detailed quiet time global empirical model for equatorial F region vertical plasma drifts. This …

The importance of diffusion, perpendicular electrodynamic drift, and neutral wind on the
generation and modulation of the equatorial plasma fountain of the Earth's ionosphere is …

It is well known that the interplanetary electric field can penetrate to the low‐latitude
ionosphere. It is generally believed that the penetration of electric fields can last only for∼ …