Biomass is a promising renewable source that can reduce fossil fuel consumption and
associated greenhouse gas emissions, but some of its characteristics make it difficult to use …

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass enhances the conversion efficiency to produce
biofuels and value-added chemicals, which have the potential to replace fossil fuels …

Bio-oil upgrading can be achieved mainly via three types of methods that are biomass pre-
treatment, catalytic upgrading and downstream bio-oil upgrading. The article aim is to review …

The utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomasses for bioenergy synthesis is believed to
facilitate competitive commercialization and realize affordable clean energy sources in the …

A variety of organic waste originating from industrial activities are increasingly accumulating
worldwide, especially in developed regions; however, organic waste can potentially be …

Rapid population growth and other human activities have generated massive waste from
various sectors in recent decades. Studies revealed that by 2050, global solid waste …

The increasing demand for energy and diminishing sources of fossil fuels have called for the
discovery of new energy sources. The effective energy conversion process of biomass is …

Large-size woody biomass is a valuable renewable resource to replace fossil fuels in
biorefinery processes. The preprocessing of wood chips and briquettes is challenging to …

Biomass-derived carbon materials have the characteristics of a wide range of precursor
sources, controllable carbon nano-dimension, large specific surface area and abundant …

Directly, the utilization of petroleum-based fuels for energy supply in numerous applications
has led to their depletion accompanied by an increase of global warming to the atmosphere …