Error s in protein synthesis disrupt cellular fitness, cause disease phenotypes and shape
gene and genome evolution. Experimental and theoretical results on this topic have …

The occurrence of microorganisms has been confirmed in the tumor microenvironment
(TME) of many different organs. Microorganisms (eg, phage, virus, bacteria, fungi, and …

T cells engineered to express antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) are potent therapies
for viral infections and cancer. However, efficient identification of clinical candidate TCRs is …

The study and manipulation of T cell receptors (TCRs) is central to multiple fields across
basic and translational immunology research. Produced by V (D) J recombination, TCRs are …

Adenoviruses (AdVs) are being developed for oncolytic or vaccination therapy against
existing and emerging conditions. Well-characterized replication-competent human and …

Efficient and stoichiometric expression of genes concatenated by bi-or multi-cistronic vectors
has become an invaluable tool not only in basic biology to track and visualize proteins in …

Many biomedical applications absolutely require, or are substantially enhanced by,
coexpression of multiple proteins from a single vector. Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus 2A …

Among the few non-structural proteins encoded by the picornaviral genome, the 2A protein
is particularly special, irrespective of structure or function. During the evolution of the …

Background Many biomedical applications require the expression or production of
therapeutic hetero-multimeric proteins/protein complexes: in most cases only accomplished …

The transcription factor Pax4 plays a critical role in the determination of α-versus β-cell
lineage during endocrine pancreas development. In this study, we explored whether Pax4 …