The ATP synthases are multiprotein complexes found in the energy-transducing membranes
of bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. They employ a transmembrane protonmotive …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy.
Cyanobacteria and plants provide aerobic life with oxygen, food, fuel, fibers, and platform …

INTRODUCTION Green plant chloroplasts convert light into chemical energy, and
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated by photosynthesis is the prime source of …

Tuberculosis—the world's leading cause of death by infectious disease—is increasingly
resistant to current first-line antibiotics. The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (which …

Protein–protein interactions are fundamental to many biological processes. Experimental
screens have identified tens of thousands of interactions, and structural biology has …

Abstract Eukaryotic vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are rotary enzymes that use energy
from hydrolysis of ATP to ADP to pump protons across membranes and control the pH of …

The video games industry develops ever more advanced technologies to improve rendering,
image quality, ergonomics and user experience of their creations providing very simple to …

ATP synthases produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate with energy from a
transmembrane proton motive force. Bacterial ATP synthases have been studied extensively …

Efforts to map the Escherichia coli interactome have identified several hundred
macromolecular complexes, but direct binary protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have not …

F1Fo ATP synthase interchanges phosphate transfer energy and proton motive force via a
rotary catalysis mechanism. Isolated F1-ATPase catalytic cores can hydrolyze ATP, passing …