The small nucleotide ppGpp acts as a global regulator of gene expression in bacteria.
Proteomic analysis of cells lacking ppGpp has shown that this nucleotide might affect many …

The fidelity of biological information flow is critical. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication,
with its attendant proofreading and repair processes, has an error level in the range of 10-8 …

The bacterial stringent response serves as a paradigm for understanding global regulatory
processes. It can be triggered by nutrient downshifts or starvation and is characterized by a …

The small nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp (or (p) ppGpp) are rapidly synthesized in
response to nutritional stress. In Escherichia coli, the enzymes RelA and SpoT are triggered …

Nearly all cells respond to an increase in temperature by inducing a set of proteins, called
heat shock proteins (HSPs). Because a large number of other stress conditions induce the …

The relationship of acid adaptation to tolerance of other environmental stresses was
examined in Salmonella typhimurium. S. typhimurium was adapted to acid by exposing the …

Glucose-or nitrogen-starved cultures of Escherichia coli exhibited enhanced resistance to
heat (57 degrees C) or H2O2 (15 mM) challenge, compared with their exponentially growing …

Heat-shock regulation of bacteria functions with the release of a set of heat-shock proteins to
replace rapidly damaged proteins. Sigma-32 essential for cell growth at high temperature is …

Heat and various inhibitory chemicals were tested in Escherichia coli for the ability to cause
accumulation of adenylylated nucleotides and to induce proteins of the heat shock (htpR …

This book focuses on heat shock response-an active yet transient reprogramming of cellular
activities to the needs of a stress protection mechanism designed to minimize heat damage …