Ischemic stroke after cerebral artery occlusion is one of the major causes of chronic disability
worldwide. Interleukins (ILs) play a bidirectional role in ischemic stroke through information …

Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 75–80% of all strokes, is the predominant cause of
morbidity and mortality worldwide. The post-stroke immune response has recently emerged …

Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as
tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector …

Thirty years ago, one of the first types of CD4+ T regulatory cells was discovered and named
T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. Tr1 cells represent a distinct population of T cells, which are …

Philosophers defined the eye as a window to the soul long before scientists addressed this
cliché to determine its scientific basis and clinical relevance. Anatomically and …

Immunity and inflammation are key elements of the pathobiology of stroke, a devastating
illness second only to cardiac ischemia as a cause of death worldwide. The immune system …

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed in response to
brain injury, where it facilitates the resolution of inflammatory cascades, which if prolonged …

Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted a complex role for the immune
system in the pathophysiological changes that occur after acute stroke. Sensors of the innate …

Fighting pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis are prerequisites for survival. Both
of these functions are upheld by the immune system, though the latter is often overlooked in …

Background and Purpose—Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the
Western world. Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate …