Abstract Background Lead (Pb) is a toxic substance with well-known, multiple, long-term,
adverse health outcomes. Shooting guns at firing ranges is an occupational necessity for …

Gunshot residue analysis has revealed vital trace evidence consequent to the criminal use
of firearms. In forensic investigations, gunshot residue examination is sought for solving a …

Background Gunshot emissions contain toxic elements that can harm those frequently
exposed, such as police officers. Several years ago, police indoor firing ranges were closed …

A steady increase in shooting practices is observed worldwide. Potential lead exposure at
shooting ranges poses a risk to their employees and users, which is not widely reported …

Residual floor dust at an indoor firing range was investigated for the presence of selected
heavy metals, and the associated health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) were …

Gunshot residue is emitted as fine particulate matter upon the ignition of percussion-
sensitive explosives among other additives in a firearm barrel. The particulates condense …

Shooting is among nine sports branches that formed the first modern Olympic Games in
Athens in 1896. A professional shooting athlete shoots millions of bullets throughout their …

A projectile which missed its target and falls into the bullet trap at the end of the shooting
range might not be viewed as dangerous. Yet, hazardous fumes and fine metal fragments …